Pores are small openings in the skin through which hair follicles and sebaceous glands release oil. They cannot be opened or closed, but their visible size is largely determined by genetics, skin type, age and the condition of the surrounding skin. Oily skin types tend to have larger pores, as excess sebum production can stretch the pore opening over time.

As collagen and elastin decrease with age, the skin loses some of its firmness and elasticity, which can make pores appear larger. Sun damage accelerates this process. Congested pores, where oil, dead skin cells and debris accumulate, can also make them look more pronounced.

While pores cannot be permanently eliminated, clinical treatments that stimulate collagen, improve skin texture and keep pores clear can make a meaningful difference to how visible they are.